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Solar cells with bumps amp up light absorption

Organic photovoltaic cells have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based counterparts due to their flexibility and cost effectiveness. However, optimizing their performance remains a significant challenge.

In a pioneering move, new research from Abdullah Gul University in Turkey reimagines the structure of organic photovoltaic cells, opting for a hemispherical shell shape to unlock unprecedented potential in light absorption and angular coverage.

A hemispherical-shell-shaped organic active layer for photovoltaic application improves energy efficiency and angular coverage; (left bottom) spatial distribution of electric field norms. [Credit: D. Hah, doi 10.1117/1.JPE.14.018501]

 

 

 

 

As reported in the SPIE Journal of Photonics for Energy (JPE), this innovative configuration aims to maximize light absorption and angular coverage, promising to redefine the landscape of renewable energy technologies. The study presents advanced computational analysis and comparative benchmarks to spotlight the remarkable capabilities of this new design.

In the study, Professor Dooyoung Hah of Abdullah Gul University probes the absorption spectra within the hemispherical-shell-shaped active layer, providing a detailed examination of how light interacts with the cell's structure and materials through a computational technique known as three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). FEA can help solve complex engineering problems by dividing structures into smaller, more manageable parts called finite elements, which allows simulation and analysis of the entire structure's behavior under various conditions, such as different light wavelengths and angles of incidence.

The FEA results reported are impressive. When subjected to transverse electric (TE)-polarized light, the hemispherical shell structure exhibited a 66% increase in light absorption compared to flat-structured devices. Similarly, for transverse magnetic (TM)-polarized light, a 36% improvement was observed.

In contrast to previously reported semicylindrical shell designs, the hemispherical shell structure emerged as a clear frontrunner. It boasted a significant 13% increase in light absorption for TE polarization and an impressive 21% improvement for TM polarization.

Radiant future: Illuminating diverse applications
Beyond its exceptional absorption capabilities, the hemispherical shell structure offers expanded angular coverage, spanning up to 81 degrees for TE polarization and 82 degrees for TM polarization. This adaptability is particularly advantageous for applications requiring flexible light capture, such as wearable electronics.

"With the improved absorption and omnidirectionality characteristics, the proposed hemispherical-shell-shaped active layers will be found beneficial in various application areas of organic solar cells," said Hah, "such as biomedical devices, as well as applications such as power-generation windows and greenhouses, internet of things, and so on."

The hemispherical shell shape marks a significant leap forward in organic solar cell design. By harnessing the power of FEA and innovative structural engineering, the reported research helps light the way for a brighter, more sustainable future powered by renewable energy.

Source: SPIE -- The international society for optics and photonics

Published March 2024

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